Enhance Testability Of The Code With Test Coverage

Enhance Testability of the code with Test Coverage TestNext Symposium 2014 By Vivek Kalidindi vivek.kalidindi@optum.com Optum Global Solutions, HYD-II ` TNS 2014 Page 1 Abstract: In Agile it is vital that testing provide feedback on an ongoing basis about how well the emerging product is meeting the business needs. This can be achieved by designing quality tests. This paper talks about an approach that would help testers to define a right test pyramid and to design better tests based on the code/test coverage measurements that contribute to developing and testing a better quality product for our customers. This shall also enhance the testability of the product code by providing feedback to both testers and developers on the risk of†¦show more content†¦Code coverage framework for program analysis Test (or) Code coverage is a measure used to describe the degree to which the source code of a program is tested by a particular test case/suite. In other words, Code coverage is a way of ensuring that your tests are actually testing your code. Coverage acts as an effective approach to determine the efficiency of your test case (or a set of test cases); knowledge of the internals of the object being tested shall be known to (white/black-box) test and helps in test case optimization. There are many different coverage measures. A simple one is to record which lines of code were executed. If a line has never been executed, it s a safe bet you didn t catch any bugs lurking in it. This type of coverage is usually called statement coverage. Other popular coverage measures include branch, method/function, path and condition coverage. 2.1 How Code Coverage works: Code coverage measures are generally implemented by inserting reporting instructions into program. This is called Instrumentation. Instrumentation is all about ` TNS 2014 Page 2 manipulating the application code by injecting reporting code into strategic positions. And the art of instrumentation has two forms: a. Source-code Instrumentation - creates an intermediary version of the sources which are then compiled into the final, source-instrumented compiled files as shown below in Figure 2.1.a b.

Political Science Degree Career Steps to Becoming a Foreign Service Officer 2019

Although a large proportion of political science college graduates use their degrees to enter law school, some choose to enter alternative careers in government, communications, and politics. For those who can meet the high acceptance standards, a political science degree career as a Foreign Service Officer can serve as practical use of acquired skills and a viable way to see the world. What is a Foreign Service Officer? A political science degree career with the Foreign Service can follow one of five tracks. Applicants may decide to enter management affairs, consular affairs, economic affairs, political affairs, or public diplomacy. No matter which political science degree career track is selected, Foreign Service Officers support American foreign policy, protect the American public, and promote American business interests in foreign countries. Foreign Service Officers are employed at embassies and consulates throughout the world. They must be available for assignment wherever deemed necessary by the Foreign Service. .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05:active, .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u0412b12f708e2ff36386aabf19895d05:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Louisiana Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus-based Education in Louisiana, the Pelican StateQualifications for Acceptance as a Foreign Service Officer There is no standard educational background for Foreign Service Officers. However, the application process is rigorous and completed successfully by a small percentage of applicants. The first step towards a political science degree career as a Foreign Service Officer is to complete a written test on subjects ranging from psychology and finance to American culture and U.S. government. Applicants who successfully pass the written examination go on to take an oral assessment, which consists of a day of questioning to determine management abilities and other skills required of Foreign Service Officers. Finally, a background check and medical examination is completed and successful applicants are placed on a list to await a first assignment. Professionals interested in learning more about a political science degree career as a Foreign Service Officer may visit the Department of State careers website. For additional alternative political science degree career opportunities and an extensive list of available online political science degree programs, students may visit College-Pages.com, the education and career resource website. .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23:active, .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u40f07c455a6a5df9cb9b357aab702f23:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Mechanical Engineering Technology Degree Discover a Career with the CIARelated ArticlesInformation Technology in EducationDegree in Criminal Justice Use a Criminal Justice Background to go to Law SchoolA Degree in Criminal Justice Will Advance Your CareerDegree in Criminal Justice Discover a Career as a Police OfficerPolitical Science Degree Jobs Career Possibilities with a Degree in Political ScienceOnline Computer Science Degree A Possible Entryway to a Career in the FBI

How Does An Ems Work Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

An tremendous sum of development in industrial sectors all over universe typically consequences in a turning figure of environmental jobs in proportion with the development. An Environmental Management System ( EMS ) is a model, which is designed to assist organisations in the direction, betterment and control of environmental public presentation. EMS is portion of direction system of an administration, where a clearly set out construction of an administration, duties of staff, processs, be aftering activities, resource allotment for execution, development and accomplishment of marks of environmental policy committednesss needs specifying. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does An Ems Work Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now EMS is designed to understate environmental impact, to utilize resources more efficaciously, to do concern productiveness long-run, to better repute of an administration, to follow with environmental ordinances and statute laws, to better its fiscal place by cut downing fees for insurance, regulative license fees, to better staff morale, stakeholders ‘ relationships etc. The environmental impact varies between administrations, but by and large it is emanations, waste, energy use, ingestion and conveyance of stuffs. Impacts on wildlife and nature is a consequence of increasing clime alteration factors all over the universe, which is lead by contaminated land, air and H2O. In the 1970s and 1980s many administrations established their ain set of ordinances as a response of questions in environmental statute law. In the 1990s the International Organisation for Standardisation ( ISO ) introduced international criterions ISO14000 as portion of organisations ‘ direction systems. In 1992 the British Standard Institute published BS7750, which was the first national criterion for an environmental direction system. The intentional criterions help an administration or industry of any size to accomplish betterment of environmental public presentation by puting a specific environmental direction system. The work of an administration harmonizing to the criterions makes clear marks and aims of environmental policy, and identifies activities that significantly impact the environment. Cardinal elements of an EMS The Model of an EMS consists of four phases: Planning, Doing, Checking and Acting. Planning is the procedure of environmental injury designation by an administration, rating of environmental impact and the constitution of appropriate aims. It is necessary for an administration to reexamine its present stock list of environmental activities and place environmental facets, applicable environmental ordinances and instructions. Harmonizing to ISO14001, the environmental facet is an â€Å" component of an administration ‘s activities, merchandises or services, which can interact with the environment † ( ISO 2004 ) . Designation of environmental facets starts with the survey of activities, merchandises and services of an administration, which affects environment or which leads to environmental impact. All important facets should be considered to set up environmental aims for environmental policy and determine operational control and action in the manner to better environmental public presentation. Significant environmental facets should be stated in policy t o set up environmental aims and marks. Identification and direction of environmental facets leads to important environmental betterment. Environmental Policy is a statement, which is to declare liability to the execution and direction of EMS. Identified and assessed important impacts of an administration are the chief elements of an environmental policy, which is of import for set uping environmental marks and aims. It can be really utile to affect employees in this procedure, for illustration: to carry on brainstorming Sessionss, because there can be chances that can easy cut down the environmental impact. Aims and marks should be specific, accomplishable and mensurable. During and after execution of an EMS, alteration and rectification of the marks and aims should be portion of the monitoring and supervising procedure. Environmental policies should be apprehensible by every employee and employer of an administration to accomplish the marks and aims of the administration. Doing is the execution procedure of the plan to understate environmental impact and hazard of an administration. Harmonizing to ISO14001, the disposal of an administration should name a particular, trained direction representative to guarantee execution of the EMS. The EMS representative is responsible for monitoring, measuring, coverage of EMS public presentation to head direction and control activities that have important environmental impact. The EMS representative should besides collaborate with others to modify EMS as needed. All staff, whose activities can do important environmental impact should be trained on important environmental issues. Relevant staff should be trained on environmental policy, exigency, accomplishment of environmental marks, specific EMS functions and duties, the environmental impact of their occupation activities and effects in instance of relevant staff non following their relevant EMS duties. All processs and instructions to command important environmen tal impact and to place possible accidents, which could hold an impact on the environment must be clarified and documented. Activities of every employee have an impact on the environment and every employee should hold good thoughts associating to their experience about the betterment of environmental public presentation. That ‘s why it ‘s really of import to develop communicating in an administration by regular staff and safety meetings, suggestion boxes, newssheets etc. Effective communicating may assist an administration ‘s EMS execution to actuate people, better apprehension of environmental policies, functions and duties, importance of environmental public presentation betterment and placing possible for betterment. The cardinal function of disposal is to supply resources to employees, which are necessary for an EMS plan execution. Some people, such as clients, registrars, and authorities administrations can be interested to cognize the EMS design and execution of the administration. For these grounds, every administration should hold an EMS manual or EMS description papers. Documentation is one of the of import factors of effectual EMS direction. EMS paperss should be revised on a regular basis by responsible forces, who will do alterations as and when required. Certain operations and activities should be monitored and controlled to pull off important environmental impact and to guarantee that the processs implements to accomplish marks and aims. Operational control processs should be documented, particularly those where breach could take to important environmental impact. The possibility of accidents and incidents ever exist, even in malice of the best execution of an EMS theoretical account. Decrease of hurts, bar of environmental impact, protection of employees and understating losingss can be done by effectual preparation and readying to exigency state of affairss. The readying for exigency state of affairss can be provided by: capacity appraisal for incidents and accidents ; preventive steps on these accidents and incidents, related to environmental impact ; doing programs and processs to react to exigency state of affairss ; regular control and monitoring of the programs and processs and understating environmental impact related to these accidents and incidents. All EMS executions, processs and instructions should be continuously revised and updated. Checking is the assessment procedure, which assesses the effectivity of the plan and evaluates how execution of the plan meets plan aims. The assessment procedure is based on monitoring and measuring of environmental public presentation betterment of an administration. Internal audits are measuring whether the EMS of an administration meets the demands of ISO14001. Internal environmental hearers should be trained on appropriate issues. The effectivity of an EMS mostly depends on monitoring facets, which deals with disagreements of criterions. Monitoring and measurings helps an administration to measure environmental public presentation, conformity by the legal demands, place jobs, analyze root causes of jobs, happening ways to rectify jobs and bettering public presentation and effectivity. Identification and probe of jobs and their causes allows an administration to do disciplinary and preventive steps for the hereafter. Prevention of jobs is by and large far more cost-efficient than repairing them after the fact. Evidence of a on the job EMS is records. Record direction seems a bureaucratic procedure, but on occasion administrations need to supply EMS execution grounds to the 3rd parties ( e.g. clients, some authorities administrations and the populace ) . Administration of an administration decides what records should be kept, how and how long to maintain them. It ‘s really of import to stress needed EMS records to show execution of environmental public presentation betterment. Regular audits can be peculiarly valuable by supplying nonsubjective grounds that an EMS is implemented harmonizing to the demands. Regular audits critically evaluate the effectivity of EMS execution, consistently place and describe to disposal of administration on a deficiency of EMS execution. It provides a great chance to better activities on EMS execution, better environmental public presentation and do the system more cost-efficient. Acting is based on the appraisal procedure to take action for continual betterment of an EMS, which is performed by caput direction. The policy of EMS, objectives, marks and action programs must be reviewed annually by members of the Environmental Management Committee. Results of the EMS execution reappraisal should be reported to head direction, demonstrate to staff and happen out marks, aims, related actions and other elements of EMS that need to be changed. Management reappraisal is an of import cardinal component of an EMS for continual betterment, which besides provides a great chance for EMS execution to be effectual and low-cost. The procedure of a direction reappraisal should affect competent people, who have appropriate cognition and experience and who are decision-makers of the administration. All direction reappraisal meetings should be recorded and supply inside informations on what issues were discussed and what determinations and actions are selected for implementing. 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Cash Flow Statement of JB HI-FI Limited

Question: Discuss about the Cash Flow Statement of JB HI-FI Limited. Answer: Introduction In this report an adamantine study has been prepared on the cash flow statement of JB HI-FI limited. It is Australian company engaged in providing goods and services specialized in video games and other home appliance. Richard Murry is the CEO of the company who makes all the strategic decision. It is evaluated that annual report of company has been showing computation of cash inflow and outflow from all its activities by using direct method. A complete analysis has been made on operating, investment and financial activities of JB Hi-FI limited to evaluate liquidity position of company in effective manner. Body context Evaluation of cash flow statement of JB HI-FI Ltd Cash flow statement of JB HI-FI provides liquidity position of company and determines how much cash inflows and outflow of company for a particular time period (Roth, 2017). Particular 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Net operating cash flow 215.01 156.4 41.3 179.9 185.14 Net Investing cash flow 0.270833 0.766638 2014.036 2195.167 1.449026 Net financing activity 2227.01 2169.4 2055.3 2194.9 2201.14 Analysis of cash flow from operating activities It is evaluated that JB HI-FI since last five years has reduced its cash inflow from its operating activities. In 2012, JB HI- FI was having 215.01 cash inflow from its operating activities which decreased to 185.14. This has shown company has reduced its cash flow from is operating activities. However, more deep analysis could be made by computing operating cash flow ratio (Google Finance, 2017). Particular 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Operating cash flow ratio 0.489772 0.353846 0.11733 0.473421 0.414183 It is evaluated that in 2012, JB HI- FI was having .48 operating cash flow which has been reduced to .41 in 2016. It reflects that company has been inefficient to draw good amount of cash inflow from its current liabilities engaged in its value chain activities (Brigham, and Ehrhardt, 2016). Capital expenditure ratio This ratio measures the capital available for internal reinvestment and for payment on its existing debts. However, by evaluating this ratio it could be inferred that JB HI-FI do not have adequate cash flow CAPEX requirement. Nonetheless, cash inflow from capital expenditure would be found lower in growing company. Therefore, JB HI- FI could justify its lowers amount of cash inflow to its stakeholders (Nizam Hoshino, 2016). Particular 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Capital expenditure ratio 0.27083 0.76664 0.03576 0.26715 1.44903 Computation of cash flow statement from indirect method (ASX, 2016) Adjustment to Cash flow Statement of JB HI FI for fives years Particular Fiscal year is July- June and all values in AUD Million 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Amount in Million Amount in Million Amount in Million Amount in Million Amount in Million Net income before extraordinary 104.6 116.3 128.4 136.5 152.18 Depreciation, Depletion, and amortization 30.75 33.23 35.33 39.12 40.19 Deferred Taxes Investment Tax Credit 1.61 -2.4 -3.3 Other funds 3.2 6.75 4.91 5.7 9.05 Funds from Operations 149.02 156.62 168.89 178.92 198.79 Changes in working capital 74.81 -0.2053 -127.56 0.98 -13.65 Receivables -0.441 -1.12 -6.17 -10.84 -13.65 Account payable 98.95 -19.48 -88.21 25.69 58.19 Other assets -2.74 5.23 3.14 6.34 6.51 Net operating cash flow 215.01 156.4 41.3 179.9 185.14 Investing Activities Capital expenditure -46.08 -35.31 -35.91 -42.47 -52.34 Sales of fixed assets 1.26 1.2 0.674 0.496 0.342 Purchase of investment -4.2 Other investment -3 Net assets from acquisition -2.4 Net Investing cash flow -44.82 -38.31 -38.236 -44.374 -51.998 Financing activities Cash dividend -77.03 -65.26 -77.18 -87.17 -93.21 Sale of Common Preferred Stock 3.51 1.08 21.4 3.1 5.91 Issuance/Reduction of Debt, Net -84.19 -26.84 54 -40.11 30 Net financing activity -157.71 -91.02 -1.78 -124.18 -57.3 Net Cash Flow from all activities 12.48 27.07 1.284 11.346 75.842 Conclusion It is observed that company has positive cash inflow from its operating activities. In addition to this, financial and investing activities have been providing negative cash outflow. JB HI- FI need to increase its liquidity position otherwise it will result into jeopardize situation for the business functioning of company. Moreover, since 2012 to 2016 company has reduced its cash inflow from its operating activities from 215.01 to 185.14. Nonetheless, cash outflow from its operating activities has increased by 16% in 2016 as compare to its 2012 cash outflow from its investing activities. Now in the end it would be inferred that company need to main its cash flow more than 1 for the smooth running of business (Thomson Reuters, 2016). References Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C. 2016. Account Finance. Cengage Learning, PP 1-549. Google Finance, (2017).ALL ORDINARIES: INDEXASX:XAO historical prices - Google Finance. [online] Google.com. Available at: https://www.google.com/finance/historical?cid=10584617startdate=Jun%201%2C%202015enddate=Jun%2030%2C%202016num=30ei=sTWoV9jrGNaAsgGMsouQDgstart=0 [Accessed 22 March 2017]. Nizam, N. Z., Hoshino, Y. 2016. Corporate Characteristics of Retail Industry among 11 Asian and American Countries.Journal of Management Research,8(1), 224-247. Roth, M., 2017.Top Stocks 2017: A Sharebuyer's Guide to Leading Australian Companies. John Wiley Sons. ASX, (2016). ASX, [Online], Accessed on: 23 march 2017, Available at:https://search.asx.com.au/s/search.html?query=jb+hi+fi+ltdcollection=asx-metaprofile=web Thomson Reuters, (2016).JB HI FI Limited,JBHIFI:ASX historical prices - FT.com. [online]Markets.ft.com. Available